Equipment Grouping
In an explosive atmosphere, only suitable equipment must be installed: suitable means that they cannot ignite the explosive atmosphere. There are 3 types of Explosive atmospheres
ATEX Risk
Differences beetween FLA and FLC
THE DOUBT:
In North America, each motor has two current values:
- Full-Load Ampere (FLA)
- Full-Load Current (FLC)
What are the differences and when are the...
UL and CSA Conformity
Equipment Protection Level
In an explosive atmosphere, only suitable equipment must be installed: suitable means that they cannot ignite the explosive atmosphere.
Process Safety
Is the Escape release of guard locking compulsory?
The doubt: Is an Escape Release compulsory?
Machinery Safety
Protective and Preventive Measures
In general, Risk Reduction happens through both preventive measures, which reduce the frequency, and
mitigating or Protective measures, which reduce the severity,
Machinery Safety
Fault Protection and the Fault Loop
The Doubt: How to protect people from electric shocks?
Electrical Safety and Arc Flash Mitigation
Spare capacity in Industrial Control Panels
The Doubt: In an Industrial Control Panel, is it required to leave a certain Spare capacity for “future” development?
Electrical Safety and Arc Flash Mitigation
IEC 61508 (all parts)
This is the “mother” of all Functional safety standards used in several industries worldwide. It was written in order to allow the use of Electronic components in safety critical systems.
Functional Safety
Example of PFDAvg Calculation
We want to calculate the PFDavg for a low demand mode Safety Loop involving a pressure transmitter, an analogue barrier, two electronic safety modules and the STO (Safe Torque off) of a Variable Speed Drive.
Process Safety
The Modular Approach
The doubt: in order to CE mark my distribution panel, shall I do EMC tests?
Machinery Safety
Is IEC 61439-1 applicable to Industrial Control Panels?
The doubt: in order to CE mark an Industrial Control Panel, shall I follow the prescriptions given by IEC 61439-1?
Electrical Safety and Arc Flash Mitigation
Double Bonding
THE DOUBT
We sometimes notice electric motors having a double bonding. Is it mandatory?
Electrical Safety and Arc Flash Mitigation
